Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) is a low-cost practice where farmers encourage the growth of native trees on farmland, improving soil fertility, livestock feed, incomes, and environmental health. It is widely promoted in Africa as an alternative to tree planting in dry areas, but scientific evidence on its impacts is limited and concentrated mainly in Niger’s Maradi and Zinder regions. There is little understanding of how local conditions shape tree diversity and abundance, and how these link to ecosystem and livelihood benefits. The paper calls for more research that combines ecological and socio-economic studies within scaling initiatives, to guide context-specific FMNR promotion and assess its return on investment.

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